Direct object receives the verb’s action directly. Indirect object receives the verb’s action indirectly. For example, the verb ‘dare’ (to give) is followed by both a direct and an indirect object: ‘dare qualcosa a qualcuno’ (to give something to somebody).
Pronouns are words you substitute for nouns when the reader or listener already knows which noun you’re referring to. An object pronoun is a type of personal pronoun that is normally used either as the direct or indirect object of a verb.
In italian, the are two types of object pronouns: stressed pronouns and unstressed pronouns.
Stressed pronouns are placed after the verb and are used for highlighting:
Aiuta lei, non Federico! Help her, not Federico!
Perché non racconti anche a me quello che è successo? Why don’t you tell me what happened?
Unstressed pronouns are placed before the verb.
Perché non la aiuti? Why don’t you help her?
Perché non mi racconti quello che è successo? Why don’t you tell me what happened?
If the verb is an infinitive, a gerund or an imperative, unstressed pronouns are attached to the end of the verb.
Aiutala! Help her!
Raccontami quello che è successo! Tell me what happened!
Italiano | English | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pronomi oggetto diretto | Direct object pronouns | ||
stressed | unstressed | ||
1st p. s. | me | mi | me |
2nd p. s. | te | ti | you |
3rd p. s. M | lui | lo | him |
3rd p. s. F | lei | la | her |
3rd p. s. M | esso | lo | it |
3rd p. s. F | essa | la | it |
1st p. pl. | noi | ci | us |
2nd p. pl. | voi | vi | you |
3rd p. pl. M | loro, essi | li | them |
3rd p. pl. F | loro, esse | le | them |
Pronomi oggetto indiretto | Indirect object pronouns | ||
stressed | unstressed | ||
1st p. s. | a me | mi | to me |
2nd p. s. | a te | ti | to you |
3rd p. s. M | a lui | gli | to him |
3rd p. s. F | a lei | le | to her |
1st p. pl. | a noi | ci | to us |
2nd p. pl. | a voi | vi | to you |
3rd p. pl. | a loro | gli | to them |